• Performance monitoring of heat exchangers via adaptive observers 

      Astorga Zaragoza, Carlos Manuel; Zavala Río, Arturo; Alvarado Martínez, Victor M; Méndez, R.M.; Reyes Reyes, Juan (Elsevier, 2007)
      "In this paper, a method for monitoring the performance degradation in a heat exchanger is presented. This method is based on the use of an adaptive observer which estimates the overall heat transfer coefficient U. The ...